U.S. Department of the Interior
U.S. Geological Survey
Map Showing Geology, Oil and Gas Fields, and Geologic Provinces of Europe including Turkey
Compiled by Mark J. Pawlewicz1, Douglas W. Steinshouer2 and Donald L. Gautier2
Open File Report 97-470I
This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for
conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards and stratigraphic
nomenclature. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only,
and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government.
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Portions of this database
covering the coastline and country boundaries contain intellectual property
of Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. (ESRI), and are used
herein with permission. End users are permitted to use these data for their
own internal use, including any derivative work, but are prohibited from
using and redistributing these data individually or in a derivative work
to third parties. Portions covering the geology of Europe including Turkey contain intellectual property of the United Nations Educational, Scientific
and Cultural Organization ©1971.
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| Disk organization
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Directories |
Files |
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readme.htm
readme.txt |
Directories
| europe | Spatial data, metadata and supporting files |
| ACROREAD | Adobe Acrobat reader v4.0 installation files |
Files
| readme.htm | Explanatory "readme" file in html format |
| readme.txt | Explanatory "readme" file in Windows text format |
of97470i/europe
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Directories |
Files |
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europe.pdf |
Directories
| arcmap | Arcmap projects, spatial data and metadata used in producing maps |
| explorer | ArcExplorer projects, spatial data and ArcExplorer software |
| data | Digital spatial data in Arc/INFO export format, ascii text format and Spatial Data Transfer Standard (SDTS) formats |
| html | Html format readme files and data directories |
| metadata | FGDC compliant metadata files describing spatial data |
| PERMSSN | Facsimile images and text files of permission given to use intellectual property of UNESCO, Petroconsultants and International and Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. (ESRI). |
| plots | Plot files in Raster Transfer Language (RTL) and postscript formats |
| views | Arcview project configured for all applicable platforms |
Files
| europe.pdf | Adobe Acrobat Portable Document File presentation of Map Showing Geology, Oil and Gas Fields, and Geologic Provinces of Europe including Turkey |
of97470i/acroread
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Directories |
Files |
 |
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Directories
| LINUX | Adobe Acrobat Reader installation software for Linux platforms |
| MAC | Adobe Acrobat Reader installation software for Macintosh platforms |
| UNIX | Adobe Acrobat Reader installation software for UNIX platforms |
| WIN | Adobe Acrobat Reader installation software for Windows 95/NT/2000 platforms |
Files
| Acroread.htm | Explanatory "readme" file in html format containing details on Acrobat reader installation; "readme" files in appropriate text formats are also included in each of the three directories |
The digital data on this CD-ROM
can be viewed in three different formats:
Adobe Acrobat Portable Document Format (pdf)
| The Adobe Acrobat file is suggested for slower computers. It
provides graphic images of the Map Showing Geology, Oil and Gas Fields,
and Geologic Provinces of Europe including Turkey. It also features the accompanying
Preface, Introduction, Contact Information, Data Processing Steps and List
of Geologic Provinces. The maps can be zoomed and panned. The software
needed to view this file is included on this disk.
The ESRI ArcExplorer projects present the data in a simple geographic information systems (GIS) format. Each map constitutes an individual project that can be zoomed and panned. In addition, the data layers can be queried. The ArcExplorer software is included on this disk. The ESRI Arcview project offers a more sophisticated GIS presentation of the data. The maps can be zoomed and panned. The cartographic symbols are more refined and the data tables can be queried. The necessary Arcview software must be purchased from a vendor. The ESRI ArcMap projects comprise the most comprehensive GIS and cartographic representation of the data. The maps can be zoomed and panned. The cartographic symbols are most refined, the data tables can be queried and the maps can be plotted on a large format plotter. The necessary ArcMap software must be purchased from a vendor and is only available on Microsoft windows platforms. |
| If you do not have Acrobat Reader 4.0.5 installed on your computer,
you can install it from this disk. Open the ACROREAD
directory.
There you will find Acrobat Reader installation programs and instructions for installation on Windows,
Linux, Macintosh and UNIX
platforms. The Adobe Acrobat document on this CD-ROM, europe.pdf, is a full graphic representation of the maps. When you have installed Acrobat Reader 4.0.5, open europe.pdf in the europe directory. For fastest performance, we suggest that you copy the file europe.pdf to your hard drive. (Approximately 8 MB) Note: because of compatibility issues wtih the earlier versions, this file can only be viewed with Acrobat Reader version 4.0 or later Because of page size limitations intrinsic to Adobe Acrobat, the layout of the maps presented in the Adobe Acrobat file is somewhat truncated. The graphs depicting petroleum endowments of assessed provinces in Europe including Turkey, to be found on the paper copy and plot files of Map Showing Geologic Provinces and, Oil and Gas Fields of Europe including Turkey, have been added as an extra page. The list of provinces, to be found on the paper copy and plot files of Map Showing Geology, Oil and Gas Fields, and Geologic Provinces of Europe including Turkey, has been omitted. |
You must have Windows 95/98/NT/2000
in order to access the ArcExplorer projects
on this disk.
| If you already have ArcExplorer 2.0 on your computer, you can
open the europe directory and go to explorer\arcexplr.
The installation program is ae2setup.exe. If you have ArcExplorer 1.1 on your computer, you can find the projects in the europe\explorer directory. If you wish to install ArcExplorer 2.0, you must first uninstall ArcExplorer 1.1 The ArcExplorer projects on this disk are:
You can access one of these projects either by double clicking on its icon; or by starting ArcExplorer, opening FILE, OPEN PROJECT, and browsing to the project's location. For fastest performance, we suggest that you copy the entire europe\explorer directory to your hard drive (approximately 47 MB). The directory is designed to be self-contained and requires no other files. (ESRI is a registered trademark in the United States and either a trademark or registered trademark in all other countries where its products are used, and ArcExplorer is a trademark of Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc.) Click here to view the data directory for europe\explorer
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You must have Arcview 3.x installed on your
computer
to access the Arcview project created by U.S.G.S.
| There are two versions of the Arcview project found on this disk, both are
found in the directory europe/views.
The version geo4_2.apr can be viewed on any platform where Arcview 3.x is already installed. Some modifications to your system, explained below, are necessary. The version g4_2_win.apr can be viewed on Windows 95/98/NT/2000 plaforms without any modification. |
| If your operating system is Windows 95/98/NT, you can access the project
g4_2win.apr in the directory europe\views. Click
here to
view the data directory. For faster performance, we recommend that you copy the entire directory europe\views to your hard drive (approximately 30 MB). This directory is designed to be self-contained and requires no other files. If you have another operating system, you must define an environmental variable, AVDATA04, in order to access the project in the directory europe/views. To view data directory click here. On a Macintosh platform modify the "startup" file in the Preferences
folder of the System folder with:
For faster performance, we recommend that you copy the entire directory europe/views to your hard drive (approximately 30 MB). Unix users will need to define AVDATA04 in the ".cshrc file." Windows 95/98 users can define AVDATA04 in the autoexec.bat file as follows: SET AVDATA04 = < CD-ROM drive letter>: (drive letter plus a colon) For instance if your CD-ROM drive is drive f on your computer, put this statement in your autoexec.bat: SET AVDATA04 = f : You must restart your computer for this change to take effect. Windows NT and Windows2000 users can define AVDATA04 by mouse clicking to START, SETTINGS,
CONTROL PANEL, SYSTEM, then ENVIRONMENT and defining AVDATA04 as the variable,
and the CD-ROM drive letter followed by a colon as the value.
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| This Arcview project was developed in Arcview 3.0. When opened
in Arcview 3.1 or 3.2, there may be a message asking whether to upgrade
to 3.x tools. It is suggested that the user respond "no." There
will still be tools and buttons not intended in the original project, but
they have no impact on the functionality of the project.
Shadesets containing geologic age color and rocktype fill pattern are also provided in the misc directory with the projects. |
| There are two ArcMap projects found on this disk.
The project geo4_2.mxd is the project used to produce the map layout presented in the Adobe Acrobat file and to create the plot files found in the directory europe/plots depicting Geology, Oil and Gas Fields, and Geologic Provinces of Europe including Turkey. The project prv4_2.mxd is the project used to produce the map layout presented in the Adobe Acrobat file and to create the plot files found in the directory europe/plots depicting Geologic Provinces and Oil and Gas Fields of Europe including Turkey. These projects are developed with relative path names, so they can be read from the CD-ROM, however, for fastest preformance it is suggested that the entire directory Arcmap be copied to your local hard drive. (20 MB) To enable the proper geologic age symbols to be drawn, it is necessary to install the geoage univers font, developed by the U.S.G.S., on your computer. This font can be found in the europe/arcmap/misc directory. Arcmap style files for symbolizing geologic age and fault type are also found in that directory. |
Inquiries about this CD-ROM or about the World Energy Project's efforts in the European region should be directed to:
Donald L. Gautier (Coordinator, European Region)
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road, MS 975
Menlo Park, CA 94025
Tel: (650) 329-4909
Email: gautier@usgs.gov
Inquiries about the World Energy Project's efforts in the vicinity of Turkey should be directed to:
Thomas S. Ahlbrandt (Coordinator, Middle East and North Africa Region)
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046
Denver Federal Center
Denver, CO 80225
Tel: (303) 236-5776
Email: ahlbrandt@usgs.gov
Inquiries about the U.S. Geological Survey's World Energy Project should be directed to:
Thomas S. Ahlbrandt (Coordinator, World Energy Project)
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046
Denver Federal Center
Denver, CO 80225
Tel: (303) 236-5776
Email: ahlbrandt@usgs.gov
This is one of a series of products resulting from the World Energy Project of the U.S. Geological Survey. Inquiries about this CD-ROM or the Project's effort in the European Region should be addressed to:
Donald L. Gautier (Coordinator, European Region)
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road, MS 975
Menlo Park, CA 94025
Tel: (650) 329-4909
Email: gautier@usgs.gov
Inquiries about the World Energy Project's efforts in the vicinity of Turkey should be directed to:
Thomas S. Ahlbrandt (Coordinator, Middle East and North Africa Region)
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046
Denver Federal Center
Denver, CO 80225
Tel: (303) 236-5776
Email: ahlbrandt@usgs.gov
Inquiries about the U.S. Geological Survey's World Energy Project should be directed to:
Thomas S. Ahlbrandt (Coordinator, World Energy Project)
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046
Denver Federal Center
Denver, CO 80225
Tel: (303) 236-5776
The authors of the CD and others listed below were responsible for the following aspects of the maps and this CD-ROM:
Compilation of geologic outcrops:
Mark J. Pawlewicz, Douglas W. Steinshouer, Susan M. Walden and Angela J. Williams
Attribution of geologic outcrops:
Mark J. Pawlewicz, Douglas W. Steinshouer, Susan M. Walden and Angela J. Williams
Designation of geologic provinces:
Donald L. Gautier, Thomas S. Ahlbrandt, Gordon L. Dolton and Mark J. Pawlewicz
GIS input and manipulation:
Douglas W. Steinshouer and Mark J. Pawlewicz
Map Layout design:
Douglas W. Steinshouer
CD-ROM implementation and design:
Douglas W. Steinshouer and Kenneth I. Takahashi
Adobe Acrobat implementation
and Section 508 compliance:
Kenneth I. Takahasi and Douglas W. Steinshouer
Metadata:
Douglas W. Steinshouer
Coordination:
Donald L. Gautier
This digitally compiled map includes geology, geologic provinces, and oil and gas fields of Europe including Turkey. The maps are part of a worldwide series of maps on CD-ROM released by the U.S. Geological Survey's World Energy Project. The goal of the project is to assess the undiscovered, technically recoverable oil and gas resources of the world. For data management purposes, the world was divided into eight energy regions corresponding approximately to the economic regions of the world as defined by the U.S. Department of State. Europe (Region 4) includes Albania, Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Malta, Monaco, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, San Marino, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom and Vatican City. The portion of Region 2 depicted here includes Turkey.
Each region is divided into geologic provinces. Each province has a set of geologic characteristics that distinguish it from surrounding provinces. These characteristics may include the predominant lithologies, the age of the strata, and the structural style. Some provinces include multiple genetically-related basins. Geologic province boundaries are delineated using data from a number of geologic maps and other tectonic and geographic data (see References). Offshore province boundaries are defined by the 2000 meter bathymetric contour. Each province is assigned a unique number. Because geologic trends are independent of political boundaries, some provinces occur in two regions. The codes of those provinces that lie entirely within the Europe region begin with the number 4 and the codes of those provinces that lie entirely within the vicinity of Turkey begin with the number 2. Codes for those provinces that lie partly within another region may start with a 1, for the Former Soviet Union (Persits and others, 1998) or a 2, for Middle East and North Africa (Persits and others, 1997 and Pollastro, 1998).
The center point locations of oil and gas fields are plotted based on the locations in the Petroconsultants International Data Corp. (IHS Energy Group) (1996) database with permission. Selected provinces were investigated by Total Petroleum System analysis, and assessments were made of the undiscovered oil and gas resource potential of these provinces by the U.S. Geological Survey World Energy Assessment Team (2000). Klett and others (1997) discuss the worldwide geologic provinces and their relative ranking in terms of total known petroleum volume.
Specific details of the data sources and map compilation are given in the metadata files on this CD-ROM. Some stratigraphic units are combined to simplify the product and to ensure consistency across the region. The age of the rock units are indicated by color. Igneous and metamorphic rocks are identified with fill patterns and colors.
These maps are compiled using Environmental Systems Research Institute
Inc. (ESRI) Arc/INFO software. Political boundaries and cartographic
representations on this map are taken, with permission from ESRI's ArcWorld 1:3M digital coverage: they have no political significance and are displayed
as general reference only. Portions of this database covering coastlines
and country boundaries contain intellectual property of ESRI. (© 1992
and 1996, Environmental Systems Research Institute Inc. All rights reserved.)
The maps on this CD were digitally compiled and abstracted from:
Gaertner, H. -R. v., Walther, H.W., Weber, H.S. and Voss, H.-H., 1971,
International Geological Map of Europe and
the Mediterranean Region/
Carte Geologique de l'Europe et des regions
riveraines de la Mediterranee:
United Nations Educational, Scientific and
Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
and Commission for Geological Map of the World
(CGMW),
2 sheets, scale 1:5,000,000.
The following process steps were taken:
1. The Eastern and Western source map sheets were scanned, registered and rectifed.
2. Using the scanned, registered and rectified images of the source maps as a guide, geologic contacts and faults were digitized in Arc/Info.
3. Polygons were attributed with geologic age.
4. Geologic age attributes were examined and updated. Piecewise rubbersheeting adjustments were performed to increase fit to ESRI Arcworld cartographic base.
5. The map sheets were produced in ArcMap. The Adobe Portable Document Format was created with postscript files generated in ArcMap..
6. The ArcExplorer and Arcview
projects were created with shapefiles produced from the Arc/Info coverages.
Avenue scripts were written to customize the Arcview project for ease of
use and maximum performance with large data sets.
To print the maps as intended, it
is necessary to have a large-format plotter allowing the printing of a
page at least 36 inches (91 cm) wide.
| To print maps from a UNIX platform, select the appropriate file for
the available plotter (there are *.rtl and *.ps format plot files available
of either the generalized geology or geologic provinces maps and use the
lp -d command at the UNIX prompt.
To print maps from a Windows or Macintosh platform it is necessary to have a graphic software installed on your computer which will read postscript files. Load the postscript file of either the generalized geology, geo4_2.ps, or the geologic province map, prv4_2.ps, into the graphics software and set the document size: 60 x 36 inches. Define the printer and the page size and print the map. If no such graphic software is available, it is possible to print from Adobe Acrobat, but the print quality will not be quite as good and the maps will be somewhat truncated from the original layouts. |
Intel Pentium based personal computer (Pentium II or Pentium III) recommended, Microsoft Windows 95/98, Microsoft Windows NT 3.51 or 4.0, or Microsoft Windows 2000, 64 MB RAM minimum, at least 128 MB recommended, 30 MB hard disk space.
Linux, Red Hat� Linux� 5.1 (non glibc versions) or Slackware� Linux 2.0 (non-glibc versions), 32 MB available RAM, 12 MB available hard disk space
Macintosh computer with PowerPC� processor. Mac OS software version 8.6(*), 9.0.4, 9.1, or Mac OS X, 64 MB of RAM 24 MB of available hard-disk space. (* Some features may not be available)
Sun SPARCstation, SunOS(TM) 4.1.3 or later, or Solaris (R) 2.3, 2.4 or 2.5 operating system, OpenWindows(TM ) (version3.0 or later), Motif(TM) window manager (1.2.3 or later), OpenLook version 3.0, or Common Desktop Environment (C.D.E.) 1.0 and above, 12 MB of available hard disk space, 32 MB RAM.
HP workstation 9000 series workstation model 700 or higher, HP-UX(TM) 9.0.3 or later operating system, X Window System(TM), X11R5 with HP-VUE or CDE 1.0, 12 MB of hard disk space, 32 MB RAM.
Silicon Graphics workstation, IRIX(TM) 5.3 or later operating system, 12 MB hard disk space, 32 MB RAM.
IBM RS/6000 workstation, AIX(R) 4.2.1 or later operating system, CDE 1.0
or Motif window manager, 12 MB hard disk space, 32 MB RAM.
Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. (ESRI), 1992
Arcworld Digital Map of the World: ESRI, scales
1:3,000,000 and 1:25,000,000.
Gaertner, H. -R. v., Walther, H.W., Weber, H.S., and Voss, H.-H., 1971,
International Geological Map of Europe and
the Mediterranean Region/
Carte Geologique de l'Europe et des regions
riveraines de la Mediterranee:
United Nations Educational, Scientific and
Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
and Commission for Geological Map of the World
(CGMW),
2 sheets, scale 1:5,000,000.
Klett, T.J., Ahlbrandt, T.S., and Dolton, G.L., 1997,
Ranking of World's Oil and Gas Provinces by
Known Petroleum Volumes:
U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report 97-463,
one CD-ROM.
Klett, T.J., Schmoker, J.W., and Ahlbrandt, T.S., 2000,
Assessment hierarchy and initial province
ranking: in U.S. Geological Survey
World Energy Assessment Team, U.S. Geological
Survey World Petroleum
Assessment 2000 - Description and Results:
U.S. Geological Survey Digital
Data Series DDS 60, 4 CD-ROMs.
Petroconsultants International Data Corp., 1996,
Petroleum exploration and production database:
Petroconsultants International Data Corp (IHS
Energy Group).
(Database available from Petroconsultants International Data Corp.,
P.O. Box 740619, Houston, Texas 77274-0619).
U.S. Geological Survey World Energy Assessment Team, 2000,
U.S. Geological Survey World Petroleum Assessment
2000-
Description and Results: U.S. Geological Survey
Digital Data Series DDS 60,
4 CD-ROMs.